Zambia's Role in International Peace & Security

The United Nations and Peace

The United Nations was created to solve world problems peacefully. The Security Council carries the main responsibility for peace and security. It encourages countries to negotiate, mediate, or use regional groups such as the African Union (AU) and SADC. When peace fails, it can approve sanctions or even military action.

Tools for Peace

To deal with conflicts, the UN uses several approaches:

• Early Warning – spotting conflict signs before they escalate.

• Peacekeeping – maintaining peace after agreements.

• Peace Enforcement – using force when necessary.

• Peacebuilding – helping societies recover after war.

Types of Peacekeeping

Peacekeeping has three main forms:

• Military Liaison Officers – unarmed officers who connect opposing sides.

• Military Observers – unarmed monitors of ceasefires.

• Peacekeeping Forces – larger troop deployments to separate fighting groups and protect civilians.

Zambia's Contribution

Zambia has supported peace missions in Africa and beyond. Over 18,000 troops and more than 600 observers have served in United Nations missions. Between 1993 and 2012, Zambia joined at least 21 missions. Forty-six Zambians lost their lives in operations in Mozambique, Angola, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, and Sudan.

Challenges of Peacekeeping

Modern conflicts are more complex. Many are fought by militias and rebels with no clear rules. Civilians often suffer the most. Peacekeeping today is riskier and more expensive, but Zambia continues to serve with courage and determination.